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Effect of malaria on rural households’ farm income in oyo state, nigeria.
O.I.Y Ajani, W.M Ashagidigbi
African Journal of Biomedical Research , 2008,
Abstract: Malaria is one of the commonest tropical diseases plaguing the African continent and the rural areas of the continent in particular. Hence this study was carried out to analyze the effect of malaria on the overall farm income of the rural households, the level of awareness and use of modern preventive measures of treating malaria in Ido Local Government Area, classified as rural in Oyo State. Stratified random sampling procedure was employed for the research survey in which the first level of stratification involved the random selection of one Local Government Area (LGA), the second level of stratification was that of selection of four villages and the third level of stratification was the selection of twenty five households each from the villages . A total number of 100 respondents were finally used for data analysis using both descriptive and multiple regression techniques. Low level of awareness, (56%), use of modern preventive measures (12%), poor sanitary conditions, and large household size (8 persons), were the major factors responsible for the high malaria incidence in the rural household. The increase in malaria incidence however had a significant effect on the health and farm income of the farmers through increase in the number of days of incapacitation of an average of 22 days and an income loss of N15231.50 during the days of incapacitation. The recommended policies arising from the economic implications of these empirical findings were that public enlightenment under the aegis of the “Roll Back Malaria Campaign” should be intensified in the rural areas in particular and treated mosquito bed nets provided at subsidized rates to rural households. Farmers on their part should keep clean environment. (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 11: 259- 266)
The Role of Social Capital in Access to Micro Credit in Ekiti State, Nigeria
O.I.Y. Ajani,G.A. Tijani
Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences , 2012,
Abstract: This study examined, the role of social capital in access to micro credit in Ekiti State. Multi-stage stratified random sampling procedure was used to collect data from 116 households in the study area. The analytical methods used in this study include Descriptive and Regression analyses (Probit regression method). Results revealed that aggregate social capital index positively affects the probability of members of networks obtaining micro credit at 1% significant level and the marginal effect shows that increasing social capital by a unit will lead to 0.22% in probability of members of associations obtaining micro credit. Disaggregating the social capital index, the variables that significantly influence probability of obtaining micro credit includes memberships in associations, cash and labour contributions by members to various associations. Nevertheless, the study supports findings that in addition to information and other benefits derived from networks, it can be a source of obtaining credit. The study concluded that belonging to networks or associations improves the probability of obtaining credit for members, which can be channeled towards improving their livelihood activities.
Impact of Adverse Health on Agricultural Productivity of Farmers in Kainji Basin North-Central Nigeria Using a Stochastic Production Frontier Approach
O.I.Y. Ajani,P.C. Ugwu
Trends in Agricultural Economics , 2008,
Abstract: This study examined the impact of adverse health on the productivity of farmers in Kainji Lake Basin North Central Nigeria. It made use of Stochastic frontier production model. The technical efficiency of farmers falls in the range of 0.28-0.99 with a mean of 0.85. This implies that the efficiency of farmers can be improved at the available technology by about 15.1% in the short run. With the exception of seed and insecticide, other variables in the efficiency model have positive coefficients with fertilizer having the highest coefficient. This probably suggests an overuse of seed and insecticides relative to other inputs and that fertilizer is an important variable input in the agricultural output of farmers in the study area. It was observed that gamma (a measure of variance of output from the frontier attributed to efficiency) is 0.114. This implies that 0.886 or 88.6% of total variation in output is due to technical inefficiency. The adverse health variable in the inefficiency model has the largest positive coefficient and is statistically significant at p<0.05. This implies that health has a greater share in the inefficiency of the farmers and calls for attention of policy makers in Nigeria.
Determinants of Constraints to Credit Access among Cocoa Farming Households in Osun State, Nigeria
J.O. Lawal,B.T. Omonona,O.I.Y. Ajani,O. A. Oni
Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences , 2012,
Abstract: Access to credit is a major problem facing the rural farmers while, credit constraints affect farmers investment behaviors, productivity and expansion of farms negatively. Now in Nigeria, the cocoa farming households can only access adequate credit with acceptable real estate collaterals, which most of the farming households lack. However, for the dearth of information regarding the effects of social capital on constraint to credit access among cocoa farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. This study therefore, examined the determinants of Credit Constraints (CC) and also ranked the constraints identified by the Cocoa Farming Households (CFHs) in the study area. Primary data were collected from 150 randomly selected CFHs from the two cocoa producing Agricultural Development Project (ADP) zones with the aid of well structured questionnaire using multistage sampling procedure. Data collected include socio-economic, social capital and credit characteristics. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, social capital indices and censored Tobit regression model. Social Capital (SC) index was 25.81% indicating low level of SC among the CFHs. Also, unit increases in request for collaterals and gender of household head increases (p<0.05) CC by 83.03 and 195.82%, respectively for the CFH while, units increases in educational status, years of experience, presence of savings and decision making index (index of participation) in association reduces (p<0.05) CC by 6.76, 4.61, 173.62 and 2.71%, respectively. The study conclude that social capital although low now among the cocoa farming households, if improved will go a long way to reduce their constraints to credit access.
Effects of Social Capital on Credit Access among Cocoa Farming Households in Osun State, Nigeria
J.O. Lawal,B.T. Omonona,O.I.Y. Ajani,O.A. Oni
Agricultural Journal , 2013,
Abstract: In Nigeria, credit access is a major problem among rural farming households due among others to lack of adequate collateral. The availability of social capital to households has been known to remove the problems associated with collateral hence improving the poor s access to credit. However, very little is known about effect of Social Capital on credit access. This study therefore, examined the determinants of Credit Access and the bi-causal relationship between Social capital and Credit Access among Cocoa Farming Households (CFH). Primary data were collected from 150 randomly selected CFHs from the cocoa producing Agricultural Development Project (ADP) Zones in Osun State with the aid of well structured questionnaire using multistage sampling procedure. In the first stage, six Local Government Areas (LGAs) were selected proportionate to the number of LGAs in each zone. In the second stage, five villages were randomly selected from the chosen LGAs using the ADP list of villages. In the last stage, 150 households were randomly selected proportionate to the number of households in the villages selected. Data collected include socio-economic, social capital and credit characteristics. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, social capital indices and censored Tobit regression model. The average cocoa farming household size was 8.0±3.7 persons belonging to at least 3 associations, while the average age of the cocoa farming household head was 56±9.8 years. The mean credit amount accessible to the cocoa farming household was N70, 692±33474.3, 44.67 and 19.33% of the respondents got below and above the mean value, respectively, while 36% of respondents could not access credit. Cocoa farming households have meeting attendance index of 75.52% and decision making index of 6.40% in the associations. Index of heterogeneity as 56.30% in association, while, cash and labour contributions were 15.04 and 12.23%, respectively. The aggregate Social Capital Index was 25.81% in association indicating low level of social capital among the cocoa farming households. A unit increase in Social Capital would increase credit access of cocoa farming households by 0.36%. Social Capital was truly exogenous to Credit Access with no reverse causality. A unit increase in cocoa farming household size decreases (p<0.05) CA by 0.99 while, unit increases in years of experience, amount of credit requested, availability of collateral and cash contribution in association increases (p<0.05) CA of CFHs by 0.19, 0.0006, 2.22 and 0.07, respectively. Although, CFH have good meeting attendance, poor decision making and cash contribution in associations however, affected their credit access. The study concludes that SC positively affect CFHs credit access.
Doping-Induced Absorption in Polyphenylacetylene Films
Aksimentyeva O.I.,Konopelnyk O.I.,Stakhira P.Y.,Tsizh B.R.
Ukrainian Journal of Physical Optics , 2005,
Abstract: The processes of donor and acceptor doping of polyphenylacetylene (PPA) films electrochemically obtained on transparent electrodes have been studied. It has been shown that donor n-doping of the PPA by lithium leads to formation of free charge carriers in the conjugated polymer chain, which cause a doping-induced absorption in the long-wave region. Under acceptor p-doping of the PPA films by iodine, the doping-induced optical absorption is observed in the short-wave region. It results from the complexes of charge transfer between the PPA and iodine.
The economic security management of enterprise according to the principles of its rational level provision
O.I. Maslak,N.Y. Grishko
Marketing ì Mened？ment Innovacìj , 2013,
Abstract: The aim of the article. The object of the article is the specification of some approaches concerning enterprises economic security management according to the provisions of its rational level; development of methodological approaches to the solution taking in acount enterprise reaction priority within the scope of economic security management.The results of the analysis. In the article the structural components of mechanism of enterprises economic security management have been analyzed. The methodological approach that makes it possible to increase the level of economic substantiation in managerial decision making has been suggested.In order to identify the importance of main threats for a certain engineering plant it is suggested to use matrix threat-losses, determining the position (zone of critical, high, middle, low and minimum threat level) on the basis of two guidelines the possibility of threat initiation and opportunity for loss of the achieved economic security level.The evaluation is carried out in two blocks. The first period, the possibility of threat initiation is proposed to define with expert method using the point scale. The expert evaluation (obtained according to the survey conducted among managers and experts of the enterprises under study) makes it possible to divide threats of economic security into five groups according to the criterion of possibility and taking into consideration the peculiarities and retrospective data of an industrial enterprise activity.At the second stage on the basis of correlation-regressive analysis data, the position of the particular threats according to the criterion of level effect on the dynamics of enterprises economic security level has been defined. The possible threats to the economic security of an enterprise have been divided into the basic subsystems: technic-technological subsystem, resource subsystem, communication subsystem.It has been defined that the divergence of economic security depends not only on factors of influence but also on internal capability to counteract their influence. In general, the more open is the system for external influence, the quicker and with lower losses it will adapt to the surrounding changes.In the paper the system of economic security management has been considered as a special variety and relatively independent and local subsystem of enterprise management. The suggested conception of management for enterprises economic security system makes it possible to solve the problem of managerial processes perfection using some new universal formalized qualitative charac
State of acid-basic ballance in children's oral cavity with chronic pyelonephritis
Admakin O.I.,Chugaeva U.Y.,Nagaevskiy I.V.,Kozlitina Y.A.
Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research , 2011,
Abstract: In the present thesis are reported the results of study of mixed saliva of children and adolescents diagnosed with chronic pyelonephtitis. Chronic pyelonephritis is a chronic destructive inflammation in the tissues of kidneys in most cases accompanied by hyperparathyreoidism, which in turn leads to the phenomena of acidosis throughout the body. In the study of pH-level and buffer saliva capacity it was revealed, how this values correlate with the studies of underlying disease, that is the risk factor of the occurrence and development of major dental diseases, and it should be considered by dentists in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures
Determination of the Sources of Microbial Contaminants of Cultured Plant Tissues
O.I. Odutayo,N.A. Amusa,O.O. Okutade,Y.R. Ogunsanwo
Plant Pathology Journal , 2007,
Abstract: Microbial contamination is a constant problem, which often compromise development of all in vitro techniques. This study aimed at investigating the sources of microbial contamination in tissue culture laboratories in southwestern Nigeria. Nineteen microbial contaminants (consisting of eleven bacteria and eight fungi) were found associated with the tissue culture plants and the laboratory environments. The bacterial contaminants includes, Pseudomonas flourescens, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Micrococcus sp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium sp. and Erwinia sp., While Fungi isolates were Alterneria tenius, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium sp., Saccharomyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Rizopus nigricans and Fusarium culmorum. The rate of occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were found to be higher (ranging from 36-46%) in human skin than in all other sampled materials. The laboratory walls and tables also harbored most of the contaminating microbes. The laboratory indoor air was found associated with some of the contaminating microbes.
Age at Menarche and its Predicting Factors in Cities of Ibadan and Ogbomoso of Southwestern Nigeria
Y. Raji,O.A. Osonuga,O.I Shittu,O.S. Akinsomisoye
Journal of Medical Sciences , 2006,
Abstract: A study of 542 randomly selected female students of the University of Ibadan and Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, both located in the southwestern Nigeria was carried out to determine the current menarcheal age and predicting factors influencing its onset. Mean age at menarche was found to be 13.66±1.82 years. 49.3% attained menarche between the ages of 13 and 14 years, 75.7% between 12 and 15 years, 8.1% at 16 while 6.1% had their first menstruation at age 11 years. There was a significant linear relationship (p = 0.004) between the age at menarche and body weight. The body surface area and height showed an insignificant inverse relationship with age at menarche. Socio-economic status of the parents had no influence on the age at menarche. Simple and multiple regression models for predicting age at menarche were derived from body weight, height and body surface area.
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